A rheumatologist is a physician who is qualified, by additional training and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles and bones. After four years of medical school and three years of training in internal medicine, rheumatologists devote an additional two to three years in specialized rheumatology training. Most rheumatologists who plan to treat patients choose to become board certified. Upon completion of their training, they must pass a rigorous exam conducted by the American Board of Internal Medicine to become certified.

Rheumatologists treat arthritis, autoimmune diseases, musculoskeletal pain disorders and osteoporosis. There are more than 100 types of these diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout, lupus, back pain, osteoporosis, fibromyalgia and tendonitis.

Many types of rheumatic diseases are not easily identified in the early stages. Rheumatologists are specially trained to do the investigative work necessary to determine the underlying condition. It is important to establish a correct diagnosis early so that appropriate treatment can be initiated as some musculoskeletal disorders respond best to treatment in the early stages of the disease.

Because rheumatic diseases are complex, one visit to a rheumatologist may not be enough to determine a diagnosis and course of treatment. These diseases often change or evolve over time. Rheumatologists work closely with patients to help identify the problem and design an individualized treatment program.

The role the rheumatologist in health care depends on several factors and needs. Typically the rheumatologist works with other physicians, as a consultant to advise about a specific diagnosis and treatment plan. In other situations, the rheumatologist acts as a manager, relying upon other skilled professionals including nurses, physical and occupational therapists, psychologists and social workers. Team work is important, since musculoskeletal disorders are chronic. Health care professionals can help people with musculoskeletal diseases and their families cope with the changes the diseases cause in their lives.